民办高校青年教师的婚姻质量研究

目的:了解民办高校青年教师的婚姻质量现状,为提高其婚姻生活满意度探索有效的途径提供现实依据。方法:随机抽取民办高校青年教师,用婚姻质量量表和生活满意度量表进行测试,SPSS17.0进行数据统计分析。结果:男青年教师和女青年教师在婚姻质量各维度上不存在显著性差异;有子女的青年教师与无子女的青年教师的婚姻质量在"性格相容"与"化解冲突"上有显著性差异,无子女的青年教师婚姻中的性格包容性和化解冲突的能力要强于有子女的青年教师;民办高校青年教师对生活的满意度与婚姻质量的总体和各维度存在着非常显著的正相关。结论:民办高校青年教师的婚姻质量在性别上没有显著性差异;无子女的婚姻质量高于有子女的青年教师;其生活满意度与婚姻质量有显著相关性。     

首次进驻高原士兵训练倦怠与疲劳状况心理资本的相关性

目的：探讨首次急进高原士兵训练倦怠与疲劳状况、心理资本的相关性。方法采用整群随机抽取法选取首次进驻高原的700名士兵应用疲劳‐14量表、心理资本量表和自编士兵训练倦怠问卷进行调查,回收有效问卷648套,有效率92．6％。结果首次进驻高原士兵训练倦怠与心理资本呈显著负相关（P＜0．01）,与疲劳状况呈显著正相关（P＜0．01）;心理资本在疲劳状况和训练倦怠间的中介作用显著（P＜0．01）,心理资本在疲劳状况和训练倦怠间的调节效应显著（ P＜0．01）;心理资本在疲劳状况与训练倦怠间的中介效应值为0．078,占总效应的17．0％。结论首次进驻高原士兵训练倦怠与疲劳状况、心理资本具有密切的关系,心理资本在疲劳状况与训练倦怠间具有中介和调节效应。     

国内外社会资本健康的研究现状及趋势的文献计量分析

目的 分析国内外社会资本与健康相关的研究文献,归纳社会资本与健康相关研究现状,为我国此类研究提供参考。 方法 在CNKI、Web of Science数据库中检索出社会资本健康相关研究文献并进行整理和分析,检索到中文127篇,英文189篇,利用CiteSpace软件进行可视化分析。 结果 我国关于社会资本与健康的相关研究自2000年出现,2016年出现社会资本与健康行为的相关研究;国内研究普遍使用回归、综述、模型等方法,国外研究方法较国内丰富且深入;除社会资本外,中英文献关键词频率最高的分别为健康和self-rated health。 结论 我国社会资本与健康相关研究方法简单且较少评估测量工具效度,社会资本健康行为还需要进行深度研究,研究对象更具有特点及针对性以及健康研究主题需细化。     

Teaching minority children hygiene: investigating hygiene education in kindergartens and homes of ethnic minority children in northern Vietnam

Objectives. Ethnic minority children in Vietnam experience high levels of hygiene- and sanitation-related diseases. Improving hygiene for minority children is therefore vital for improving child health. The study objective was to investigate how kindergarten and home environments influence the learning of hygiene of pre-school ethnic minority children in rural Vietnam.

Design. Eight months of ethnographic field studies were conducted among four ethnic minority groups living in highland and lowland communities in northern Vietnam. Data included participant observation in four kindergartens and 20 homes of pre-school children, together with 67 semi-structured interviews with caregivers and five kindergarten staff. Thematic analysis was applied and concepts of social learning provided inputs to the analysis.

Findings. This study showed that poor living conditions with lack of basic sanitation infrastructures were important barriers for the implementation of safe home child hygiene. Furthermore, the everyday life of highland villages, with parents working away from the households resulted in little daily adult supervision of safe child hygiene practices. While kindergartens were identified as potentially important institutions for improving child hygiene education, essential and well-functioning hygiene infrastructures were lacking. Also, hygiene teaching relied on theoretical and non-practice-based learning styles, which did not facilitate hygiene behaviour change in small children. Minority children were further disadvantaged as teaching was only provided in non-minority language.

Conclusions. Kindergartens can be important institutions for the promotion of safe hygiene practices among children, but they must invest in the maintenance of hygiene and sanitation infrastructures and adopt a strong practice-based teaching approach in daily work and in teacher's education. To support highland minority children in particular, teaching styles must take local living conditions and caregiver structures into account and teach in local languages. Creating stronger links between home and institutional learning environments can be vital to support disadvantaged highland families in improving child health.     

医院集团财务集中管理探讨

医院集团财务集中管理能更合理地配置医院资产、发挥集团优势及提高资本运营效率。该文分析财务集中管理的优点,提出医院集团财务集中管理的切实可行的实施方案,指出实行财务集中管理中应注意的问题。     

民办非营利医院监管中的制度设计漏洞——基于湖北、广东、江苏三省的调查

我国的民办非营利医院发展历程较短,在监管制度方面仍然存在诸多漏洞。本文在文献分析与湖北、广东、江苏三省现场调研的基础上,分析了目前我国民办非营利医院在准入流程、变更流程和"非营利性"监管三个方面的制度设计漏洞,并提出优化准入流程、增加补缴税款或清算的变更环节、建立"非营利性"的协同监管机制等政策建议,以期为我国民办非营利医院的健康发展提供决策参考。     

心理资本对青少年抑郁的影响

目的：了解心理资本对青少年抑郁的影响,深入探讨心理资本对抑郁的作用机制。方法采用积极心理资本量表（PPQ）和流调中心用抑郁量表（CES －D）对1200名青少年学生进行问卷调查。结果男生、独生子女、非留守学生及完整家庭学生的心理资本得分相对较高,抑郁得分相对较低,抑郁得分在性别、是否留守、家庭是否完整上差异有统计学意义;抑郁等级（无抑郁、可能有抑郁、抑郁）在心理资本及其4个维度上差异有统计学意义;心理资本及其4个维度（自我效能、韧性、希望、乐观）与抑郁呈显著负相关,4个维度能够解释抑郁水平26％的变异量。结论心理资本对抑郁具有缓解作用。     

钢铁企业工人心理资本在付出回报失衡、超负荷与工作倦怠关系中的调节与中介作用

目的：探讨钢铁企业工人心理资本在付出回报失衡、超负荷与工作倦怠关系中的调节与中介作用。方法随机选取某钢铁集团公司生产主线男性工人1700人,进行自填式问卷调查。调查内容包括一般情况、工作倦怠、付出回报失衡、超负荷、心理资本和感知的工作环境等。有效回收问卷1254份（73.76%）。采用分层回归分析检验调节作用,渐近—再抽样策略检验中介作用。结果心理资本对付出回报失衡与工作倦怠各维度之间的关系不存在调节作用,而对超负荷与情绪衰竭、玩世不恭之间关系有显著的正向调节作用;心理资本在付出回报失衡与情绪衰竭、玩世不恭之间关系中具有显著的中介作用,其中介效应量分别为5.84%和18.75%。结论心理资本水平高的工人,情绪衰竭和玩世不恭程度会随着超负荷的增加而明显上升;但心理资本水平低的工人,情绪衰竭和玩世不恭程度随着超负荷的增加而上升的趋势较弱。付出回报失衡降低钢铁工人心理资本存量进而导致情绪衰竭和玩世不恭。     

Is having private health insurance associated with less support for public healthcare? Evidence from the Norwegian NHS

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether increased uptake of private health insurance (PHI) in a traditionally NHS type system is likely to affect support for the public healthcare system. Using the Norwegian healthcare system as our case, and building on a survey among 7500 citizens, with 2688 respondents, we employed multivariate analysis to uncover whether the preferences for public health services are associated with having PHI, controlling for key predictors such as socio-economic background, self-rated health and perceived health service quality, as well as age and gender. The basis for our analysis was the following two propositions related to the role of public healthcare, which the respondents were asked to score on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = “totally disagree”, 5 = “totally agree”): 1) “the responsibility of providing health services should mainly be public”, and 2) “the activity of private commercial actors should be limited”. The regression analyses showed that the willingness to increase the role of commercial private actors is positively associated with having a PHI. However, we found no relationship between holding a PHI and support for public provision of health services when other factors were controlled for.     

Enhancing social networks: a qualitative study of health and social care practice in UK mental health services

People with severe mental health problems such as psychosis have access to less social capital, defined as resources within social networks, than members of the general population. However, a lack of theoretically and empirically informed models hampers the development of social interventions which seek to enhance an individual's social networks. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study, which used ethnographic field methods in six sites in England to investigate how workers helped people recovering from psychosis to enhance their social networks. This study drew upon practice wisdom and lived experience to provide data for intervention modelling. Data were collected from 73 practitioners and 51 people who used their services in two phases. Data were selected and coded using a grounded theory approach to depict the key themes that appeared to underpin the generation of social capital within networks. Findings are presented in four over‐arching themes – worker skills, attitudes and roles; connecting people processes; role of the agency; and barriers to network development. The sub‐themes which were identified included worker attitudes; person‐centred approach; equality of worker–individual relationship; goal setting; creating new networks and relationships; engagement through activities; practical support; existing relationships; the individual taking responsibility; identifying and overcoming barriers; and moving on. Themes were consistent with recovery models used within mental health services and will provide the basis for the development of an intervention model to enhance individuals’ access to social capital within networks.